victorious
勝利を得た
・hand the trophy to the victorious team : 優勝杯｛ゆうしょうはい｝を手渡す
Word Of the Month
Today we are going to have a look at have, has, having, & had.
Firstly, as an auxiliary verb (a verb used with a main verb) have is used with the past participle (e.g. been, cleaned, eaten). This is called the present perfect tense. I've just finished my homework. She hasn't talked to her husband for a while. He's seen it before.
To form the past perfect tense, use had with a past participle. He said he had been to the meeting. She hadn't tried it before.
You can use have to make question tags. You haven't finished the whiskey, have you? She's already done that, hasn't she?
Having is used to refer to something that has already happened. He decided to move to the country, having left his job last year.
Secondly, we can use have with a noun to describe an action. She'll have a look at your pictures. I had a shower after dinner.
Thirdly, have is used when talking about a characteristic or possession. He had a nice car. She has beautiful teeth. Do you have any qualifications?
Use have when you meet people for the first time. Can I have your name please?
When a woman is pregnant we say she is having a baby. When she gives birth to it, she has a baby.
Have can refer to a particular position or state. I always have my doors locked at night. She had her window open. Or, if something is done for you. I had a haircut.
Finally, if something is necessary or important, you can use have to; this is called a modal phrase. You have to pay before you go. She has to call him.
Phrase Of the Week
have it in you (to do something)
This means you have the abilities and/or determination to do something special, or difficult, or unexpected. She has it in her to finish marathon.
Pronunciation
Contractions! As mentioned at the start, have forms are often contracted, and sometimes there is more than one way to do it. You can say She'd not seen it, but She hadn't seen it is more common. Be careful, though: she'd seen it is ok, but she'd to go is not.
Learning Tips
Using have can seem quite complicated, so to make it easier, always think about how it is being used: as an auxiliary; with a noun; talking about characteristic or possession; or as a modal phrase.
